Tag Archives: deposits

The Liquidated Damage Provision in the Sales Agreement–Often misunderstood, more often a trap for the unwary

One of my pet peeves as a Massachusetts real estate attorney is the printed language in most standard purchase and sale agreements regarding liquidated damages. To paraphrase the legalese contained in the printed form “if the Buyer defaults, the Seller may keep Buyer’s deposit as liquidated damages unless the Seller within thirty days of such default decides to avail himself,or herself, of other options”

These “other options” would definitely include suit for specific performance of the contract, which in a falling market, could mean a financial disaster for the Buyer. In effect, if the Seller sold the property to another Buyer, the defaulting Buyer would be responsible for damages measured by the price in his or her contract versus the actual sales price realized by the Seller.

The alarming thing about this provision is that in my forty plus years of practicing real estate law, I have never had an attorney for the Seller refuse my request to eliminate the second option.  So,if for some reason, you Buyer’s Agents are forced to “fly solo” because your client will not retain an attorney, I urge you to, at the very least, make sure that you request a change from the printed form.

The changed version reads, that “if the Buyer defaults, the Seller may retain Buyer’s deposit, and such retention shall constitute Seller’s sole remedy against the Buyer” That remedy is a horse of a different color and,of course, much more favorable to the Buyer.

Those of you who are starting to serve as Buyer’s Agents should also be aware that many Sellers are inserting provisions in the purchase and sale agreements to the effect that “since there is no way to truly measure the damages suffered by the Seller, if the Buyer defaults,both parties agree that the retention of the entire deposit constitutes an acceptable remedy for both side.”

I strenuously resist this provision when representing Buyers, unless their deposit is very small. The only Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court decision which actually address this issue held that five (5%) was a reasonable sum for liquidated damages. Many deposits are in excess of five (5%) per cent. I would rather leave the provision quoted above out of my agreement, and argue that five (5%) per cent is, indeed, plenty of compensation for a Seller, especially if the default occurs in a relatively short period of time. I have a lot more wood to cut if I have agreed the retention of the deposit, no matter of what amount, is a “fair measure” of damages.

It is never pleasant when circumsatances dictate that a Buyer must “walk away”. In circumstances where we are representing Buyers, it is important not to turn this cruel turn of fate into a financial disaster for the Buyer, which usually cannot be easily remedied.

Payment at Closing–A suggested “Ounce of Prevention” for Buyer’s Agents

Buyer’s agency is a relatively recent phenomena in Massachusetts. While it has been my practice to pay the Buyer’s Agent directly at closing, I am informed by Buyer’s Agent clients and friends, that this is not always what transpires. Many times, the Buyer’s Agent must wait for the Listing Agent to “process” the final closing transaction, and then make remittance to the Buyer’s Agent some time in the future. I am aware of one situation where the check delivered two weeks after the closing was returned because of insufficient funds in the Listing Agent’s checking account.

The Buyer’s Agent works for the Buyer, even though payment of the Buyer’s Agency fee is geneerally made by the Seller.There follow several suggestions for Buyer’s Agents which can mitigate the delay, and other problems, associated with the current normal practices:

                 1. Manage the Deposit at the time of Offer. If the amount of Deposit can be limited to no more than the fee which is due to the Listing Agent, the ability of the closing agent to make direct payment to the Buyer’s Agent is greatly enhanced. If the Seller insists on a greater Deposit, have the Deposit split in such a way that no more than the amount to which the Listing Broker is entitled is placed in escrow with the Listing Agent. The remainder of the Deposit may then be placed in escrow with the Buyer’s Agent to insure prompt payment after closing.

                 2. Have the Deposit placed in the Escrow Account of the Seller’s Attorney. Insisting on this condition will take the power away from the Listing Agent to sit on the Deposit. Because having a check drawn on an Escrow Account of an attorney returned for non-payment is an ethical violation which will subject the attorney to disciplinary action by the Massachusetts Board of Bar Overseers, the safety and security of the Deposit is greatly enhanced. The Seller’s attorney may either hand over the Deposit to the closing agent at closing, or make direct payment to the Listing Agent and the Buyer’s Agent at the closing. The treatment of the Deposit should be carefully spelled out in the Offer, and then reinforced in the Purchase and Sale Agreement for the transaction, See Paragraph 3 below.

                3. Take Extra Care to Make Sure that the documentation for the transaction provides for payment at closing. As a Buyer’s Agent, you have an obligation to review the Offer and the Purchase and Sale Agreement and Rider(s) thereto, on behalf of the Buyer. Make sure a provision is included in both documents that specifically directs the closing agent to make payment of the fee due to the Buyer’s Agent,directly to the Buyer’s Agent ,at the closing. If the Seller has executed a document with these instructions, the closing agent has no choice but to adhere to the specific provisions of the Purchase and Sale Agreement.

You, as a Buyer’s Agent, have worked hard on your customer’s behalf to earn your commission. The steps set forth above should assist you not only in obtaining your commission, but. just as importantly, obtaining your commission at the same time as the Listing Agent obtains his or hers. It is time to make the playing field level for Buyer’s Agent and adoption of the measures set forth above should be  step in the right direction. See my blog: www.realtorsresourcblog.com for more suggestions and comments.

Disposition of Offer Deposit–Ending Buyer and Seller Disputes over Small Amounts of Money

I have been pleasantly surprised at the number of comments I received relative to the disposition of Purchase and Sale deposits, and the problems that many of you have experienced because of the uncertainty in what to do about the “Offer Deposit” so-called, normally $500 or $1,000, which is delivered to bind the Offer. See my post on Purchase and Sale Deposits in www.realtorsresourceblog.com

In point of fact, the Seller changes his position once an Offer is accepted. In most cases, marketing efforts are sharply curtailed, and even if they continue, they are presented on a “back-up” basis which does not engender a lot of enthusiasm from prospective purchasers. So, there is a “price” involved in the Seller’s accepting an Offer, and that needs to be somehow recognized.

For the Buyer, the accepted Offer is an opportunity to “get serious” about the property. The Buyer pays for an inspection, and often has his attorney look over the Condominium Documents and Condominium Information, if this transaction involves the purchase of a Condominium Unit. Well drafted Offers (future blogs will consider the status of Offers in Massachusetts) will give the Buyer many “outs” if the transaction does not go forward.

What seems to be the problem is what you, as the realtor holding the Offer Deposit, must do with same if for some reason the deal does not go to signed Purchase and Sale Agreement status. The normal approach would be for the deposit to be returned,in full, to the Buyer if the Buyer decides not to proceed. Most realtors will require both the Seller and the Buyer to “sign off” on such return.

Most realtors I have dealt with will NOT return the deposit unless and until a piece of paper, authorizing the Release of the Offer Deposit, with signatures of both Seller and Buyer, is obtained. If it is not obtained, for whatever reason, the Offer Deposit goes into some form of purgatory in the realtor’s fiduciary account, never to see the light of day for either the Seller or the Buyer.

Suppose the deal doesn’t go because the Buyer just “walks away” and cannot be located. Suppose the deal doesn’t go because the Seller is not comfortable with the Buyer’s reasons for not going forward, and, in effect wants to punish the Buyer for acting irreponsibly or arbitrarily. Haven’t we seen this happen in our practices?

I have a suggested solution, which I would appreciate your feedback on. In my opinion, my approach champions some much needed reform in this area.

My suggestion is two-pronged:

            1. No Request from the Buyer.If the Buyer does no request  the Offer Deposit back, in or within thirty (30) days of the date of the Offer, the Offer Deposit, in full, shall be delivered to the Seller.

            2. Request from the Buyer for Return of Offer Deposit. If the Buyer requests the Offer Deposit back within said thirty (30) days, Eighty (80%) per cent of the Offer Deposit is returned, no questions asked. The remaining Twenty (20%) is delivered to the Seller to defray Seller’s costs for participating in the inspoection and delivering Condominium materials, if a Condominium Unit is the subjectof the sale.

This set of provisions would be an inetgral part of the Offer to Purchase, thus agreed upon in advance. The 80/20 split of the Offer Deposit is mechanical, but it ends disputes. Having the Buyer bear some responsibility for the work involved in getting to a signed Offer limits “tire kickers” who sign offers like eating popcorn. Serious Buyers may think twice before leaving $200 or $100 on the table. The transaction can “move on” without the weight of what to do with the Offer Deposit. Neither the Seller or Buyer can dispute the dispostion of the Offer Deposit. it is agreed upon beforehand, and is based on reason.

I would be interested if my readers think a system like this could work. It would end endless headaches for our profession, and the need to go to Small Claims Court or other litigation for a relatively small amount of money.

The Greater Boston Real Estate Offer Form and Purchase and Sale Form have not been amended for almost twenty years. Future posts will explore this situation and suggest some other needed revisions. I truly believe that the proposed “automatic” Offer Deposit solution makes sense and should be included in a new Offer Form. Get me your responses to this idea through blog comments or emails to etopkins@topbev.com. I promise to respond and keep this matter alive.